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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition affecting 1 out of every 8 to 10 woman. It is characterised by a hormonal dysfunction of excessive androgen (male hormone) production in the ovaries resulting in enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts.
Although not yet well understood research indicates that a dysfunction of the enzyme that controls ovarian and adrenal sex hormone production leads to PCOS. A genetic link explains the clustering of PCOS in certain families.
PCOS often presents as abnormal menstruation due to absence of ovulation (anovulation). Increased blood levels of the androgen hormones can present excessive male pattern hair growth, acne and in severe cases even male pattern baldness. Patients suffering from PCOS often have difficulty conceiving due to anovulation. The hormonal imbalance of PCOS also contributes to a slightly increased risk of a miscarriage. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe depending on the degree of the hormonal imbalance.
The long term implications of PCOS are an increased risk of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and a slight increased occurrence of certain cancers.
The cornerstone of the management of PCOS is to lose weight and to maintain a normal body weight. Crash diets, especially those that forbid carbohydrates should be avoided. Excessive hair growth and abnormal menstruation can be treated with specific hormone preparations. In resistant cases, abnormal hair can be removed by laser treatment.
Achieving proper ovulation in patients with PCOS can be very difficult and entails certain risks. This should only be attempted by a skilled gynaecologist after a complete infertility assessment. The surgical options of improving the chances of ovulation should only be reserved for those patients who are resistant to medical treatment.
Proper short and long term medical care can address and alleviate most of the implications of PCOS. Discuss all your treatment options with one of our Fertility Specialists.
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